Ledger
- ISSN-L
- 2379-5980
- OpenAlex ID
- S4210190754
- APC list price
- Not listed
In 2025, Ledger had an OJR of 2.23: its 2022–2024 papers received 2.2 times the world-average citations for comparable papers. Its Impact factor (2-year) was 2.92. Both figures are calculated from OpenAlex data. Not ranked in 2025: 14 citable documents in 2022–2024, below the 30-document minimum. Last eligible ranking: Q1 in Information Systems, 2022.
Ledger has no quartile in OpenJournalRank’s 2025 ranking. OJR quartiles are calculated independently of SCImago, Scopus and JCR quartiles.
The OpenJournalRank Indicator (OJR) is a free, publicly available metric of a journal’s field-normalized citation impact, computed from open OpenAlex citation data. It compares citations to a journal’s papers from the previous three years with the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type, so 1.00 is the world average and values can be compared across fields. It is computed with the NCI3 method. For 2025 it counts non-self citations to the articles, reviews and conference papers a journal published in 2022–2024. Ranks and quartiles order journals by OJR within the subfield, the field and all journals.
2.23
—Not ranked
The Impact factor (2-year) counts citations made in 2025 to the articles, reviews and conference papers a journal published in the two previous years (2023–2024), divided by the number of those papers. Self-citations count; citations from repository-hosted works do not. It is not normalized by field. Clarivate’s Journal Impact Factor™ uses the same basic formula but gives different numbers, and this site does not show it. Clarivate also counts citations to editorials, news and letters while dividing only by articles and reviews. OpenAlex sets document types automatically. The citing data differ: OpenAlex links references for most but not all works, and we leave out repository-hosted citing works. Publication years and snapshot dates also differ. Because of these differences, our value can be higher or lower than the JIF for a given journal, so don’t compare the two directly.
2.92
+85.6% change from 2024
from 1.57 in 2024
Why is it different?
- Journals usually quote Clarivate’s Journal Impact Factor™ (JIF).
- Same idea: citations this year to papers from the past two years, divided by those papers.
- The JIF also counts citations to editorials, news and letters but divides only by research papers. We count citations to research papers only.
- Different citation data (OpenAlex, not Web of Science) and timing.
So the two numbers can differ, in either direction, and the size of the difference has not been established. Compare ours with other journals here, not with the JIF.
Full explanation →Not ranked in 2025: 14 citable documents in 2022–2024, below the 30-document minimum.
Computed by OpenJournalRank from the OpenAlex snapshot of September 23, 2026; 472,521,793 citations counted across this release.
Looking for Clarivate’s Journal Impact Factor™? Check the Master Journal List
OJR rank in each category · 2022
The badge is the quartile; Q1 is the top quarter of ranked journals. Each track runs from the bottom of the category (left) to the top (right), shaded by quartile. The bold marker is this journal and the thin tick the category median. The outlined box is the likely rank range: the 95% interval from re-drawing the journal’s papers 1,000 times. “Spans Q1–Q2” means that range crosses a quartile boundary.
Not ranked in 2025. These are its 2022 ranks, the last year it was eligible.
Ranking categories are derived from OpenAlex paper classifications and may differ from a journal’s stated scope.
At a glance
Quartile history in every category and the key figures for 2025, drawn as small charts.
Quartile by year
Each cell is the journal’s quartile among ranked journals in that category and year, by OJR. Q1 is the top quarter. Years run 2000–2025; tap or hover a cell for the exact rank.
2025Subfield · Information SystemsNot ranked
Each track runs from the bottom of the category (left) to the top (right), shaded by quartile. The bold marker is this journal, the outlined box its likely rank range and the thin tick the category median.
—
Citations made in 2025 to papers from 2023–2024, divided by the number of those papers, next to the same value a year earlier.
2.92+85.6%
Everything the journal published in 2025, split into articles, reviews and other items such as editorials. The line shows the last ten years.
10
Citations made in 2025 to papers from 2022–2024, divided by the number of those papers. Includes self-citations. The line shows the last ten years.
2.6
The median number of 2025 citations per paper from 2022–2024, next to the mean (cites per document). A mean far above the median means a few papers draw most of the citations.
2.5
Share of the journal’s 2022–2024 papers that are among the most cited 10% for their subfield, year and type. The marker at 10% is the world baseline.
51.7%
Share of 2025 citations to the journal’s 2022–2024 papers that come from the journal itself. The tick on the ring marks the field median.
2.8%
Share of documents published in 2025 that are free to read, across all document types.
100%
Share of documents published in 2025 with authors in two or more countries.
50%
All-time OpenAlex values at the snapshot date, not limited to the ranking window. The h-index is the largest h such that h papers have at least h citations each; the i10-index counts papers with at least 10 citations.
18h-index
Over the years
Impact factor (2-year)
Show the data as a table
| Year | Impact factor (2-year) |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 2.92 |
| 2024 | 1.57 |
| 2023 | 0.90 |
| 2022 | 1.43 |
| 2021 | 5.17 |
| 2020 | 5.78 |
| 2019 | 4.83 |
| 2018 | 4.69 |
| 2017 | 1.70 |
| 2016 | — |
| 2015 | — |
| 2014 | — |
| 2013 | — |
| 2012 | — |
| 2011 | — |
| 2010 | — |
| 2009 | — |
| 2008 | — |
| 2007 | — |
| 2006 | — |
| 2005 | — |
| 2004 | — |
| 2003 | 0.00 |
| 2002 | 0.00 |
| 2001 | — |
OJR
Show the data as a table
| Year | OJR | Field median |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 2.23 | 0.70 |
| 2024 | 1.16 | 0.69 |
| 2023 | 0.65 | 0.69 |
| 2022 | 1.82 | 0.70 |
| 2021 | 3.17 | 0.71 |
| 2020 | 4.44 | 0.70 |
| 2019 | 7.43 | 0.72 |
| 2018 | 6.98 | 0.78 |
| 2017 | 3.28 | 0.78 |
| 2016 | — | 0.85 |
| 2015 | — | 0.93 |
| 2014 | — | 0.99 |
| 2013 | — | 1.05 |
| 2012 | — | 1.11 |
| 2011 | — | 1.20 |
| 2010 | — | 1.26 |
| 2009 | — | 1.27 |
| 2008 | — | 1.25 |
| 2007 | — | 1.24 |
| 2006 | — | 1.22 |
| 2005 | — | 1.14 |
| 2004 | 0.00 | 1.11 |
| 2003 | 0.00 | 1.12 |
| 2002 | 0.00 | 1.05 |
| 2001 | — | 1.02 |
Documents by type
Show the data as a table
| Year | Articles | Reviews | Other |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 9 | 0 | 1 |
| 2024 | 7 | 0 | 2 |
| 2023 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| 2022 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| 2021 | 8 | 0 | 1 |
| 2020 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
| 2019 | 17 | 0 | 2 |
| 2018 | 6 | 0 | 29 |
| 2017 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| 2016 | 10 | 0 | 1 |
| 2015 | — | — | — |
| 2014 | — | — | — |
| 2013 | — | — | — |
| 2012 | — | — | — |
| 2011 | — | — | — |
| 2010 | — | — | — |
| 2009 | — | — | — |
| 2008 | — | — | — |
| 2007 | — | — | — |
| 2006 | — | — | — |
| 2005 | — | — | — |
| 2004 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
Citations to the previous three years
Show the data as a table
| Year | From other sources | Self-citations |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 35 | 1 |
| 2024 | 27 | 0 |
| 2023 | 19 | 0 |
| 2022 | 104 | 0 |
| 2021 | 157 | 0 |
| 2020 | 161 | 0 |
| 2019 | 143 | 3 |
| 2018 | 72 | 3 |
| 2017 | 15 | 2 |
| 2016 | 0 | 0 |
| 2015 | — | — |
| 2014 | — | — |
| 2013 | — | — |
| 2012 | — | — |
| 2011 | — | — |
| 2010 | — | — |
| 2009 | — | — |
| 2008 | — | — |
| 2007 | — | — |
| 2006 | — | — |
| 2005 | — | — |
| 2004 | 0 | 0 |
| 2003 | 0 | 0 |
| 2002 | 0 | 0 |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 |
Share in the top 10% of their field
Show the data as a table
| Year | Top 10% share |
|---|---|
| 2025 | 51.7% |
| 2024 | 16.8% |
| 2023 | 0.0% |
| 2022 | 20.3% |
| 2021 | 30.5% |
| 2020 | 49.7% |
| 2019 | 55.6% |
| 2018 | 62.9% |
| 2017 | 34.9% |
| 2016 | — |
| 2015 | — |
| 2014 | — |
| 2013 | — |
| 2012 | — |
| 2011 | — |
| 2010 | — |
| 2009 | — |
| 2008 | — |
| 2007 | — |
| 2006 | — |
| 2005 | — |
| 2004 | 0.0% |
| 2003 | 0.0% |
| 2002 | 0.0% |
| 2001 | — |
Collaboration and open access
Show the data as a table
| Year | International collaboration | Open access |
|---|---|---|
| 2025 | 50.0% | 100.0% |
| 2024 | 33.3% | 100.0% |
| 2023 | 0.0% | 100.0% |
| 2022 | 50.0% | 100.0% |
| 2021 | 22.2% | 100.0% |
| 2020 | 14.3% | 100.0% |
| 2019 | 31.6% | 100.0% |
| 2018 | 8.6% | 100.0% |
| 2017 | 0.0% | 100.0% |
| 2016 | 18.2% | 100.0% |
| 2015 | — | — |
| 2014 | — | — |
| 2013 | — | — |
| 2012 | — | — |
| 2011 | — | — |
| 2010 | — | — |
| 2009 | — | — |
| 2008 | — | — |
| 2007 | — | — |
| 2006 | — | — |
| 2005 | — | — |
| 2004 | — | — |
| 2003 | — | — |
| 2002 | — | — |
| 2001 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Similar journals
Journals ranked nearest to this one in Information Systems by OJR in 2022, the last year this journal was ranked.
- #29Digital InvestigationQ1OJR 1.94
- #30Journal of DocumentationQ1OJR 1.88
- #31ACM Transactions on the WebQ1OJR 1.88
- #32Digital FinanceQ1OJR 1.87
- #33IEEE Transactions on Cloud ComputingQ1OJR 1.87
- #34Ledger (This journal)Q1OJR 1.82
- #35Information and Computer SecurityQ1OJR 1.82
- #36International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM)Q1OJR 1.78
- #37International Journal of Information SecurityQ1OJR 1.72
- #38ComputersQ1OJR 1.69
- #39International Cybersecurity Law ReviewQ1OJR 1.67
Detailed breakdown
The figures behind the charts, written out in full.
The two headline numbers
OJR is OpenJournalRank’s index, computed with the NCI3 method. It divides the non-self citations that papers published in 2022–2024 received in 2025 by the citations expected for papers of the same subfield, publication year and type worldwide. For 2022–2024, papers in this journal received 2.2 times the citations expected worldwide for comparable papers.
The Impact factor (2-year) is simpler: citations made in 2025 to the papers published in 2023 and 2024, divided by the number of those papers. For this journal it was 2.92, up from 1.57 in 2024 (+85.6%). It counts self-citations and is not adjusted for field, so a value of 5 means something different in economics and in molecular biology.
This value is computed from OpenAlex and is not Clarivate’s Journal Impact Factor™. The two use different citation sources and different rules for which items count, so the numbers will not match. Across all core journals, 84.3% of articles and reviews published in 2025 have at least one matched reference in OpenAlex (87.1% in 2024). This is a corpus-wide share: it does not measure how complete any one journal’s reference lists are, and no value on this page is adjusted for it.
How this score was computed
Citations made in 2025 to articles, reviews and conference papers published in 2022–2024. Actual and Expected include only papers with a subfield.
- Actual (non-self citations)
- 35
- Expected (world-average expectation)
- 15.676045
- OJR standard error
- 0.5115
- Most-cited paper's share of citations
- 17.1%
- Citable papers in 2022–2024
- 14
- Classification coverage
- 100.0%
- Share of citable papers with a subfield
- Citations without a known source
- 22.9%
- Share of Actual from citing works without a known source
- Reference coverage in 2025
- 84.3%
- Corpus-wide share of core-journal articles and reviews with at least one matched reference
OJR = Actual ÷ Expected
35 ÷ 15.676045 ≈ 2.23
Displayed values are rounded; OJR uses the unrounded expectation.
Impact factor (2-year), 2025 = 35 ÷ 12 = 2.92
Publication window 2023–2024; includes journal self-citations.
What it publishes
In 2022–2024, the journal published 14 citable papers (articles, reviews and conference papers).
Among papers with a subfield: 64% in Information Systems, 14% in Finance, 7% in Strategy and Management, 7% in Economics and Econometrics, and 7% in Orthopedics and Sports Medicine.
Subjects follow OpenAlex’s primary-subfield classification, which may differ from a journal’s stated scope.
Among papers with a known author affiliation country: United Kingdom (23%), Switzerland (15%), China (15%), South Korea (15%), and United States (15%). Author affiliations span 12 countries in this window. A paper counts toward each country it lists, so shares can total more than 100%.
Open-access status among papers with a known status: diamond (100%).