Journal rankings · indicator year 2025
Choose a field to open its ranking, or a journal to find its row in its subfield’s list.
Field ranking · 2025
Chemistry journal rankings 2025
232 ranked journals · Field in Physical Sciences
Chemistry has 232 ranked journals in 2025. The median journal has an OJR of 0.51, below the world average of 1.00, up 0.01 on 2024; Q1 starts at OJR 0.85. The two highest-scoring journals with stable ranks are Accounts of Chemical Research and Nature Chemistry: each is likely ranked within the top 3.
Ranks and citation indicators: 2025. Journal access status and listed APC: source snapshot September 23, 2026.
Journals whose main subfield sits in this category and that published at least 30 citable documents (articles, reviews and conference papers) in 2022–2024, the window the 2025 score is computed on.
The OpenJournalRank Indicator (OJR) is a free, publicly available metric of a journal’s field-normalized citation impact, computed from open OpenAlex citation data. It compares citations to a journal’s papers from the previous three years with the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type, so 1.00 is the world average and values can be compared across fields. It is computed with the NCI3 method.
The middle OJR among ranked journals in this category: half score higher, half lower. 1.00 is the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type.
The dot is this category, the solid tick is the median of all ranked journals and the dashed line is the world average.
Share of ranked journals in this category that are fully open access, so every paper is free to read. Hybrid journals, which sell subscriptions and open single papers for a fee, are not counted.
Median list price of the article processing charge, in US dollars, among ranked journals in this category that list a price above zero. Journals with a listed APC of $0 and journals with no known price are left out of this median. The At a glance table below gives a second median that includes the $0 prices.
Subfields in Chemistry (6)
Up to Physical Sciences232 ranked journals
Filters
Rank is the position by OJR within the list on screen; 1 is the highest. The small range under it is the likely rank range: in 95% of 1,000 resamples of the journal’s papers, it ranked inside that range. Journals whose ranges overlap are not clearly different. | OJR is field-normalized 3-year citation impact: 1.00 is the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type, so values compare across fields. The badge is the journal’s quartile in this list. | Citations per paper over a two-year window, counted from OpenAlex. It is not field-normalized, so compare it only between journals of the same field. ▲ or ▼ is the change from 2024. This is OpenJournalRank’s own count, not Clarivate’s Journal Impact Factor. | Citable documents (articles, reviews and conference papers) published in 2022–2024, the window the 2025 OJR is computed on. A journal needs at least 30 to be ranked. | Share of the journal’s 2022–2024 papers that are free to read in any open-access form. The green OA tag next to a title marks a fully open-access journal. | List price of the article processing charge in US dollars. “$0 listed” means the listed price is zero; a dash means no price is listed. | The line is the journal’s OJR from 2016 to 2025. A label compares the 2022→2025 change with the median change of the journal’s field or domain. Rising needs a relative change of +10% or more that is at least 2 standard errors above zero; Falling needs -9.1% or less (rounded), at least 2 standard errors below zero. Sorting uses that relative change. | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank 1; likely between #1 and #2 of 232Accounts of Chemical ResearchAmerican Chemical Society · United States | 4.38Q1 | 18.42 0.09 down from 2024 | 904 | 30% | $4,500 | ||
Rank 2; likely between #1 and #3 of 232Nature ChemistryNature Portfolio · United Kingdom | 4.01Q1 | 17.08 1.65 up from 2024 | 803 | 39% | $12,690 | ||
Rank 3; likely between #3 and #4 of 232Journal of the American Chemical SocietyAmerican Chemical Society · United States | 3.54Q1 | 17.79 0.71 up from 2024 | 9,181 | 37% | $4,500 | ||
Rank 4; likely between #2 and #10 of 232Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyElsevier BV · Netherlands | 3.14Q1 | 9.33 1.17 down from 2024 | 30 | 54% | $4,170 | ||
Rank 5; likely between #4 and #7 of 232ChemElsevier BV · United States | 3.03Q1 | 13.40 0.71 down from 2024 | 911 | 43% | $9,350 | ||
Rank 6; likely between #4 and #8 of 232Angewandte Chemie International EditionWiley · Germany | 2.93Q1 | 15.69 0.22 up from 2024 | 12,931 | 51% | $5,510 | ||
Rank 7; likely between #4 and #10 of 232Nature SynthesisNature Portfolio · United Kingdom | 2.76Q1 | 12.65 1.27 up from 2024 | 667 | 21% | $12,690 | ||
Rank 8; likely between #7 and #10 of 232ACS CatalysisAmerican Chemical Society · United States | 2.55Q1 | 14.31 0.28 up from 2024 | 4,433 | 28% | $4,500 | ||
Rank 9; likely between #2 and #34 of 232ChemTextsSpringer Science+Business Media · Switzerland | 2.49Q1 | 8.20 1.08 up from 2024 | 39 | 68% | $4,190 | ||
Rank 10; likely between #6 and #19 of 232Topics in Current ChemistrySpringer Science+Business Media · Switzerland | 2.23Q1 | 11.82 2.53 up from 2024 | 126 | 21% | $4,590 | ||
Rank 11; likely between #8 and #18 of 232Nature Reviews ChemistryNature Portfolio · United Kingdom | 2.16Q1 | 22.93 3.59 down from 2024 | 315 | 17% | — | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 12; likely between #7 and #22 of 232Green Analytical ChemistryOAElsevier BV · Netherlands | 2.11Q1 | 8.60 0.89 up from 2024 | 192 | 100% | $1,550 | ||
Rank 13; likely between #10 and #16 of 232Green ChemistryRoyal Society of Chemistry · United Kingdom | 2.08Q1 | 11.01 1.24 up from 2024 | 2,649 | 39% | — | ||
Rank 14; likely between #8 and #25 of 232Current Research in Green and Sustainable ChemistryOAElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.96Q1 | 7.64 1.98 down from 2024 | 175 | 100% | $2,500 | ||
Rank 15; likely between #10 and #23 of 232Chem & Bio EngineeringOAAmerican Chemical Society | 1.87Q1 | 9.05no 2024 value | 94 | 100% | $0 listed | — | |
Rank 16; likely between #12 and #20 of 232CCS ChemistryOAChinese Chemical Society · China | 1.86Q1 | 8.81 0.28 down from 2024 | 789 | 100% | — | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 17; likely between #9 and #29 of 232Applied Spectroscopy ReviewsTaylor & Francis · United States | 1.86Q1 | 7.66 1.69 up from 2024 | 89 | 35% | — | ||
Rank 18; likely between #14 and #20 of 232Chemical ScienceOARoyal Society of Chemistry · United Kingdom | 1.81Q1 | 8.61 0.64 up from 2024 | 4,814 | 100% | — | ||
Rank 19; likely between #11 and #27 of 232Mass Spectrometry ReviewsWiley · United States | 1.76Q1 | 5.56 0.94 down from 2024 | 129 | 61% | $5,230 | ||
Rank 20; likely between #9 and #34 of 232Advances in Sample PreparationOAElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.74Q1 | 6.45 1.06 down from 2024 | 129 | 100% | $1,550 | ||
Rank 21; likely between #11 and #28 of 232ACS Polymers AuOAAmerican Chemical Society · United States | 1.73Q1 | 7.28 0.13 up from 2024 | 112 | 100% | $3,500 | ||
Rank 22; likely between #17 and #25 of 232The Chemical RecordWiley · United States | 1.63Q1 | 8.39 1.18 up from 2024 | 539 | 37% | $4,710 | ||
Rank 23; likely between #16 and #32 of 232European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ReportsOAElsevier BV · France | 1.53Q1 | 5.90 1.97 up from 2024 | 212 | 100% | $1,870 | ||
Rank 24; likely between #22 and #28 of 232Journal of Food Composition and AnalysisElsevier BV · United States | 1.46Q1 | 5.52 0.43 up from 2024 | 2,472 | 26% | $3,450 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 25; likely between #15 and #41 of 232Russian Chemical ReviewsOAInstitute of Physics · Russia | 1.39Q1 | 7.33 1.37 up from 2024 | 103 | 100% | — | ||
Rank 26; likely between #22 and #33 of 232BMC ChemistryOABioMed Central · Switzerland | 1.38Q1 | 5.27 0.19 up from 2024 | 545 | 100% | $2,990 | ||
Rank 27; likely between #19 and #41 of 232Clinical ProteomicsOABioMed Central · United States | 1.35Q1 | 4.75 1.17 up from 2024 | 167 | 100% | $2,490 | ||
Rank 28; likely between #14 and #62 of 232Reviews in Analytical ChemistryOADe Gruyter · Germany | 1.33Q1 | 6.52 2.16 up from 2024 | 48 | 100% | $1,187 | ||
Rank 29; likely between #22 and #38 of 232Talanta OpenOAElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.32Q1 | 5.98 1.72 up from 2024 | 303 | 100% | $2,190 | ||
Rank 30; likely between #24 and #34 of 232Results in ChemistryOAElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.31Q1 | 6.25 1.44 up from 2024 | 1,689 | 100% | $1,870 | ||
Rank 31; likely between #18 and #53 of 232Analytical Science AdvancesOAWiley · Germany | 1.29Q1 | 5.32 1.25 up from 2024 | 84 | 100% | $3,180 | ||
Rank 32; likely between #25 and #37 of 232Journal of Saudi Chemical SocietyOAElsevier BV · Saudi Arabia | 1.26Q1 | 5.60 0.83 down from 2024 | 396 | 100% | $2,490 | ||
Rank 33; likely between #27 and #36 of 232Molecular DiversitySpringer Science+Business Media · Netherlands | 1.24Q1 | 4.32 0.32 up from 2024 | 712 | 11% | $4,290 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 34; likely between #24 and #47 of 232ACS Organic & Inorganic AuOAAmerican Chemical Society · United States | 1.19Q1 | 5.71 1.15 up from 2024 | 144 | 100% | $3,500 | ||
Rank 35; likely between #28 and #42 of 232Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory SystemsElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.16Q1 | 4.12 0.47 down from 2024 | 528 | 26% | $3,970 | ||
Rank 36; likely between #28 and #55 of 232Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Advances in the Clinical LabOAElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.10Q1 | 3.63 0.20 up from 2024 | 108 | 100% | $900 | ||
Rank 37; likely between #33 and #42 of 232ACS Macro LettersAmerican Chemical Society · United States | 1.10Q1 | 5.14 0.28 down from 2024 | 709 | 24% | $4,500 | Falling vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 38; likely between #34 and #41 of 232Organic LettersAmerican Chemical Society · United States | 1.09Q1 | 4.97 0.46 down from 2024 | 5,445 | 16% | $4,500 | Falling vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 39; likely between #34 and #42 of 232Organic Chemistry FrontiersRoyal Society of Chemistry · United Kingdom | 1.09Q1 | 4.74 0.28 down from 2024 | 2,289 | 24% | — | Falling vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 40; likely between #36 and #50 of 232Journal of Proteome ResearchAmerican Chemical Society · United States | 1.02Q1 | 3.97 0.07 down from 2024 | 1,048 | 51% | $4,500 | ||
Rank 41; likely between #23 and #99 of 232Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis OpenOAElsevier BV | 1.00Q1 | 3.89 0.75 up from 2024 | 46 | 100% | $1,540 | ||
Rank 42; likely between #38 and #54 of 232Food Analytical MethodsSpringer Science+Business Media · United States | 0.98Q1 | 3.14 0.34 down from 2024 | 539 | 22% | $2,490 | ||
Rank 43; likely between #41 and #49 of 232Journal of Molecular StructureElsevier BV · Netherlands | 0.97Q1 | 5.09 0.17 up from 2024 | 8,020 | 9% | $3,360 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 44; likely between #29 and #76 of 232Tetrahedron ChemOAElsevier BV · United Kingdom | 0.97Q1 | 4.06 0.58 up from 2024 | 100 | 100% | $2,660 | ||
Rank 45; likely between #42 and #54 of 232Microporous and Mesoporous MaterialsElsevier BV · Netherlands | 0.94Q1 | 4.70 0.19 down from 2024 | 1,375 | 27% | $3,970 | Falling vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 46; likely between #39 and #60 of 232Green Synthesis and CatalysisOAElsevier BV · China | 0.93Q1 | 3.49 1.42 down from 2024 | 225 | 100% | $0 listed | ||
Rank 47; likely between #36 and #65 of 232Journal of Chromatography OpenOAElsevier BV · Netherlands | 0.93Q1 | 3.96 0.31 up from 2024 | 160 | 100% | $2,360 | ||
Rank 48; likely between #34 and #69 of 232Expert Review of ProteomicsTaylor & Francis · United Kingdom | 0.92Q1 | 2.85 0.08 down from 2024 | 96 | 43% | — | ||
Rank 49; likely between #44 and #55 of 232Advanced Synthesis & CatalysisWiley · Germany | 0.92Q1 | 3.76 0.49 down from 2024 | 1,685 | 45% | $4,650 | Falling vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 50; likely between #39 and #62 of 232Vibrational SpectroscopyElsevier BV · Netherlands | 0.92Q1 | 3.30 0.27 up from 2024 | 292 | 19% | $3,760 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 |
25 Chemistry journals are labelled rising: their OJR moved up between 2022 and 2025 clearly faster than the median journal of their field or domain.
A journal is rising when its OJR grew from 2022 to 2025 faster than the median journal of its field (or domain, when the field is small), by two tests: the relative change is +10% or more, and it is at least 2 standard errors above zero. So the range of the change at 2 standard errors stays above zero, though not necessarily above +10%.
The bar is that range on a ratio scale; the shaded band, -9.1% to +10%, holds changes too small for a label. The list is ordered by the low end of the range, so the surest rises come first.
Full rising list for Chemistry
- 1Current Pharmaceutical AnalysisAnalytical Chemistry+439% vs groupOJR 0.18 → 0.90range +203% to +860%
- 2Russian Journal of Bioorganic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry+100% vs groupOJR 0.25 → 0.45range +47% to +171%
- 3Separation Science PlusAnalytical Chemistry+89% vs groupOJR 0.29 → 0.50range +39% to +157%
- 4Letters in Drug Design & DiscoveryOrganic Chemistry+87% vs groupOJR 0.27 → 0.46range +29% to +172%
- 5Polycyclic aromatic compoundsOrganic Chemistry+47% vs groupOJR 0.52 → 0.70range +29% to +69%
- 6Nature Reviews ChemistryOrganic Chemistry+59% vs groupOJR 1.48 → 2.16range +25% to +102%
- 7Letters in Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry+63% vs groupOJR 0.17 → 0.25range +25% to +114%
- 8Bulletin of the Korean Chemical SocietyOrganic Chemistry+48% vs groupOJR 0.29 → 0.39range +21% to +81%
- 9Journal of AOAC InternationalAnalytical Chemistry+47% vs groupOJR 0.46 → 0.62range +18% to +82%
- 10Journal of Molecular StructureOrganic Chemistry+24% vs groupOJR 0.86 → 0.97range +18% to +30%
- 11ChemistryOpenOAOrganic Chemistry+44% vs groupOJR 0.50 → 0.65range +17% to +77%
- 12Medicinal ChemistryOrganic Chemistry+59% vs groupOJR 0.49 → 0.71range +16% to +117%
- 13Anti-Infective AgentsOrganic Chemistry+84% vs groupOJR 0.15 → 0.25range +15% to +194%
- 14Chinese Journal of Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry+25% vs groupOJR 0.34 → 0.39range +11% to +42%
- 15Structural ChemistryOrganic Chemistry+32% vs groupOJR 0.44 → 0.53range +10% to +59%
- 16Medicinal Chemistry ResearchOrganic Chemistry+30% vs groupOJR 0.76 → 0.91range +7.5% to +56%
- 17ChiralitySpectroscopy+39% vs groupOJR 0.53 → 0.67range +6.2% to +82%
- 18Journal of Heterocyclic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry+23% vs groupOJR 0.62 → 0.70range +4.4% to +45%
- 19Journal of Porous MaterialsInorganic Chemistry+22% vs groupOJR 0.57 → 0.63range +4.1% to +43%
- 20Colloid & Polymer ScienceOrganic Chemistry+25% vs groupOJR 0.55 → 0.63range +4.0% to +51%
No-label zone, -9.1% to +10%Group median changeBar scale -91% to +974% (ratio scale)
30 Chemistry journals are labelled falling: their OJR moved between 2022 and 2025 clearly behind the median journal of their field or domain.
A journal is falling when its OJR changed from 2022 to 2025 by less than the median journal of its field (or domain, when the field is small), by two tests: the relative change is -9.1% or less (rounded), and it is at least 2 standard errors below zero. So the range of the change at 2 standard errors stays below zero, though not necessarily below -9.1%.
The bar is that range on a ratio scale; the shaded band, -9.1% to +10%, holds changes too small for a label. The list is ordered by the high end of the range, so the surest falls come first.
- 1Angewandte ChemieOrganic Chemistry-39% vs groupOJR 0.58 → 0.32range -42% to -36%
- 2Chemistry LettersOrganic Chemistry-39% vs groupOJR 0.37 → 0.20range -49% to -28%
- 3Advanced Synthesis & CatalysisOrganic Chemistry-26% vs groupOJR 1.37 → 0.92range -32% to -21%
- 4Chemistry - An Asian JournalOrganic Chemistry-25% vs groupOJR 0.95 → 0.65range -32% to -18%
- 5SynlettOrganic Chemistry-27% vs groupOJR 0.46 → 0.31range -35% to -17%
- 6Mendeleev CommunicationsOrganic Chemistry-27% vs groupOJR 0.35 → 0.24range -37% to -16%
- 7Chemical CommunicationsOrganic Chemistry-18% vs groupOJR 1.15 → 0.86range -21% to -15%
- 8European Journal of Inorganic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry-23% vs groupOJR 0.49 → 0.34range -30% to -14%
- 9Chemistry - A European JournalOrganic Chemistry-17% vs groupOJR 0.92 → 0.69range -21% to -13%
- 10Russian Chemical BulletinOrganic Chemistry-24% vs groupOJR 0.25 → 0.18range -34% to -13%
- 11OrganometallicsOrganic Chemistry-20% vs groupOJR 0.77 → 0.56range -27% to -12%
- 12Organic LettersOrganic Chemistry-14% vs groupOJR 1.39 → 1.09range -17% to -11%
- 13Trends in ChemistryOrganic Chemistry-27% vs groupOJR 0.69 → 0.46range -40% to -10%
- 14Organic & Biomolecular ChemistryOrganic Chemistry-16% vs groupOJR 0.88 → 0.68range -21% to -9.9%
- 15Russian Journal of Coordination ChemistryOrganic Chemistry-31% vs groupOJR 0.30 → 0.19range -46% to -9.8%
- 16Journal of Chemical EducationPhysical and Theoretical Chemistry-23% vs groupOJR 0.98 → 0.69range -35% to -8.6%
- 17Tetrahedron LettersOrganic Chemistry-17% vs groupOJR 0.44 → 0.34range -25% to -8.5%
- 18Journal of Magnetic ResonanceSpectroscopy-22% vs groupOJR 0.93 → 0.66range -35% to -6.9%
- 19ACS Macro LettersOrganic Chemistry-16% vs groupOJR 1.43 → 1.10range -25% to -6.3%
- 20Organic Chemistry FrontiersOrganic Chemistry-13% vs groupOJR 1.37 → 1.09range -19% to -6.3%
No-label zone, -9.1% to +10%Group median changeBar scale -51% to +104% (ratio scale)
Subfields of Chemistry, compared.
- Organic Chemistry142
- Analytical Chemistry34
- Spectroscopy33
- Inorganic Chemistry17
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry5
- Electrochemistry1
Journals
The endpoints below each rank show its likely range. How rank ranges are calculated
Citations made in 2025. Corpus-wide, 84.3% of core-journal articles and reviews published that year have at least one matched reference; the share varies by journal and field.
27 additional Chemistry journals with metrics are unranked under this release’s eligibility rules: a journal needs at least 30 citable documents in 2022–2024, at least 80% of them with a subfield, and a positive world-average expectation. Ranks are within the whole category; filters hide rows without re-ranking. OJR excludes self-citations.
At a glance
Indicator year: 2025. Publication window: 2022–2024. How these summaries are calculated
- Ranked journals
- 232
- Window papers (baseline)
- 230,176 -1.3% from indicator year 2022
- Median OJR
- 0.509 +4.7% from indicator year 2022
- Rising journals (2025)
- 25Comparison-group list (25)
Window papers are the baseline paper population: citable papers (articles, reviews and conference papers) from 2022–2024 in all journals of the world-average baseline, including non-core journals, counted by each paper’s own subfield. They are not the papers of the ranked journals alone.
| Measure | Year series | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ranked journals | 137 | 138 | 149 | 153 | 155 | 159 | 159 | 160 | 166 | 173 | 176 | 181 | 195 | 215 | 221 | 228 | 235 | 232 | 231 | 233 | 234 | 237 | 235 | 239 | 232 | 232 | |
| Window papers (baseline) | 172,482 | 176,080 | 179,077 | 183,694 | 189,084 | 197,327 | 206,346 | 215,895 | 224,057 | 230,433 | 236,603 | 243,807 | 254,287 | 261,691 | 269,998 | 272,767 | 273,338 | 265,414 | 249,893 | 237,248 | 230,533 | 232,668 | 233,225 | 229,202 | 225,643 | 230,176 | |
| Median OJR | 0.620 | 0.638 | 0.61 | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.6173 | 0.57 | 0.6170 | 0.654 | 0.618 | 0.635 | 0.622 | 0.649 | 0.544 | 0.541 | 0.56 | 0.505 | 0.49559 | 0.491 | 0.432 | 0.434 | 0.48 | 0.486 | 0.499 | 0.49563 | 0.509 |
| Measure | Category statistic | Eligible population |
|---|---|---|
| Journal self-citation share | Median: 4.3% | 197 journals |
| Retracted papers per 1,000 | Pooled rate: 0.568 per 1,000 | 177 journals |
| Output growth | Median: -11.4% | 212 journals |
| Open access share | Median: 41.5% | 232 journals |
| Listed APC (USD) | Median including $0 listed prices: $3,610 | 141 ranked journals with a known listed price, including $0 listed prices |
| International collaboration share | Median: 20.0% | 228 journals |
| Review share | Median: 0.0% | 232 journals |
| Articles-only OJR | Median: 0.51 | 232 journals |
| Uncited share | Median: 35.7% | 232 journals |
| Citation concentration | Median: 44.6% | 231 journals |
How to read these rankings
- OJR, the OpenJournalRank Indicator
- A field-normalized 3-year citation impact, computed from OpenAlex with the NCI3 method. It divides the citations a journal’s papers received by the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type, so 1.00 is the world average and 2.00 means twice as many citations as expected. Because it is normalized, it can be compared across fields. Read the methodology
- Quartiles
- Q1 to Q4 split the ranked journals of the list you are viewing into four equal groups by OJR. A journal’s quartile depends on the list: the same journal can be Q1 in its subfield and Q2 among all journals.
- Impact factor (2-year)
- Citations per paper over a two-year window, counted from OpenAlex. It is easy to compare with familiar impact factors but is not field-normalized, so compare it only within a field. It is not Clarivate’s Journal Impact Factor. Why it differs from the Journal Impact Factor
- Rank ranges
- Each rank in the latest year carries a likely range from 1,000 resamples of the journal’s papers. Where two journals’ ranges overlap, the data cannot tell them apart, so treat neighbouring ranks as ties.