Journal rankings · indicator year 2025
Choose a field to open its ranking, or a journal to find its row in its subfield’s list.
Subfield ranking · 2025
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism journal rankings 2025
152 ranked journals · Subfield in Medicine
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism has 152 ranked journals in 2025. The median journal has an OJR of 0.87, below the world average of 1.00, down 0.05 on 2024; Q1 starts at OJR 1.36. The two highest-scoring journals with stable ranks are Endocrine Reviews and The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology: each is likely ranked within the top 3.
Ranks and citation indicators: 2025. Journal access status and listed APC: source snapshot September 23, 2026.
Journals whose main subfield sits in this category and that published at least 30 citable documents (articles, reviews and conference papers) in 2022–2024, the window the 2025 score is computed on.
The OpenJournalRank Indicator (OJR) is a free, publicly available metric of a journal’s field-normalized citation impact, computed from open OpenAlex citation data. It compares citations to a journal’s papers from the previous three years with the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type, so 1.00 is the world average and values can be compared across fields. It is computed with the NCI3 method.
The middle OJR among ranked journals in this category: half score higher, half lower. 1.00 is the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type.
The dot is this category, the solid tick is the median of all ranked journals and the dashed line is the world average.
Share of ranked journals in this category that are fully open access, so every paper is free to read. Hybrid journals, which sell subscriptions and open single papers for a fee, are not counted.
Median list price of the article processing charge, in US dollars, among ranked journals in this category that list a price above zero. Journals with a listed APC of $0 and journals with no known price are left out of this median. The At a glance table below gives a second median that includes the $0 prices.
Subfields of Medicine (42)
- Surgery945
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine352
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health311
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine287
- Infectious Diseases258
- Oncology242
- Epidemiology178
- Neurology168
- Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging160
- Physiology154
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism152
- Psychiatry and Mental health139
Show all 42 subfields
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine121
- Ophthalmology96
- Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health95
- Dermatology89
- Obstetrics and Gynecology81
- Hematology78
- Rheumatology70
- Nephrology62
- Complementary and alternative medicine58
- Reproductive Medicine53
- Pharmacology49
- Emergency Medicine44
- Geriatrics and Gerontology38
- Otorhinolaryngology32
- Rehabilitation31
- Pathology and Forensic Medicine29
- Hepatology28
- Immunology and Allergy25
- Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine24
- Genetics19
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine14
- Urology13
- Health Informatics10
- Gastroenterology6
- Internal Medicine6
- Family Practice2
- Transplantation2
- Anatomy0
- Biochemistry0
- Microbiology0
152 ranked journals
Filters
Rank is the position by OJR within the list on screen; 1 is the highest. The small range under it is the likely rank range: in 95% of 1,000 resamples of the journal’s papers, it ranked inside that range. Journals whose ranges overlap are not clearly different. | OJR is field-normalized 3-year citation impact: 1.00 is the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type, so values compare across fields. The badge is the journal’s quartile in this list. | Citations per paper over a two-year window, counted from OpenAlex. It is not field-normalized, so compare it only between journals of the same field. ▲ or ▼ is the change from 2024. This is OpenJournalRank’s own count, not Clarivate’s Journal Impact Factor. | Citable documents (articles, reviews and conference papers) published in 2022–2024, the window the 2025 OJR is computed on. A journal needs at least 30 to be ranked. | Share of the journal’s 2022–2024 papers that are free to read in any open-access form. The green OA tag next to a title marks a fully open-access journal. | List price of the article processing charge in US dollars. “$0 listed” means the listed price is zero; a dash means no price is listed. | The line is the journal’s OJR from 2016 to 2025. A label compares the 2022→2025 change with the median change of the journal’s field or domain. Rising needs a relative change of +10% or more that is at least 2 standard errors above zero; Falling needs -9.1% or less (rounded), at least 2 standard errors below zero. Sorting uses that relative change. | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank 1; likely between #1 and #1 of 152Endocrine ReviewsOxford University Press · United States | 10.95Q1 | 26.30 0.11 down from 2024 | 97 | 75% | $3,750 | ||
Rank 2; likely between #2 and #3 of 152The Lancet Diabetes & EndocrinologyElsevier BV · Netherlands | 6.57Q1 | 14.49 3.74 down from 2024 | 460 | 39% | $7,280 | ||
Rank 3; likely between #2 and #4 of 152Diabetes CareAmerican Diabetes Association · United States | 5.34Q1 | 16.28 2.29 up from 2024 | 1,270 | 86% | — | ||
Rank 4; likely between #3 and #5 of 152Cardiovascular DiabetologyOABioMed Central · United Kingdom | 4.39Q1 | 15.86 4.29 up from 2024 | 1,073 | 100% | $4,290 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 5; likely between #2 and #18 of 152Endocrine PathologySpringer Science+Business Media · United States | 3.98Q1 | 4.22 10.58 down from 2024 | 129 | 66% | $3,190 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 6; likely between #5 and #7 of 152DiabetologiaSpringer Science+Business Media · Germany | 3.52Q1 | 9.89 0.30 down from 2024 | 632 | 74% | $3,490 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 7; likely between #6 and #11 of 152Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic DisordersSpringer Science+Business Media · Netherlands | 2.86Q1 | 9.74 0.13 up from 2024 | 220 | 63% | $5,590 | ||
Rank 8; likely between #5 and #16 of 152Current Diabetes ReportsSpringer Science+Business Media · United States | 2.75Q1 | 8.28 0.63 up from 2024 | 122 | 50% | $4,890 | ||
Rank 9; likely between #6 and #13 of 152Journal of Internal MedicineWiley · United Kingdom | 2.62Q1 | 6.09 2.10 down from 2024 | 399 | 80% | $4,780 | ||
Rank 10; likely between #7 and #14 of 152Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismElsevier BV · United Kingdom | 2.58Q1 | 6.30 0.62 down from 2024 | 164 | 49% | $4,450 | ||
Rank 11; likely between #7 and #16 of 152Diabetes & Metabolism JournalOAKorean Diabetes Association · South Korea | 2.53Q1 | 6.78 0.15 down from 2024 | 285 | 100% | $500 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 12; likely between #6 and #29 of 152Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and MetabolismOASAGE Publishing · United Kingdom | 2.28Q1 | 8.49 3.50 up from 2024 | 122 | 100% | $2,650 | ||
Rank 13; likely between #8 and #22 of 152Diabetes/Metabolism Research and ReviewsWiley · United Kingdom | 2.22Q1 | 8.84 2.21 up from 2024 | 311 | 78% | $4,780 | ||
Rank 14; likely between #12 and #18 of 152Lipids in Health and DiseaseOABioMed Central · United Kingdom | 2.11Q1 | 7.00 2.49 up from 2024 | 771 | 100% | $2,990 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 15; likely between #10 and #28 of 152European Journal of EndocrinologyOxford University Press · United Kingdom | 2.01Q1 | 6.85 1.23 up from 2024 | 482 | 69% | $4,292 | ||
Rank 16; likely between #9 and #33 of 152Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North AmericaElsevier BV · United States | 1.98Q1 | 4.91 0.20 up from 2024 | 158 | 13% | $3,540 | ||
Rank 17; likely between #11 and #36 of 152Pediatric DiabetesWiley · Denmark | 1.89Q1 | 2.12 4.25 down from 2024 | 226 | 99% | $2,740 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 18; likely between #15 and #27 of 152Diabetes Obesity and MetabolismWiley · United Kingdom | 1.84Q1 | 5.68 0.21 up from 2024 | 1,433 | 69% | $5,380 | ||
Rank 19; likely between #16 and #27 of 152The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & MetabolismOxford University Press · United States | 1.81Q1 | 5.39 0.23 up from 2024 | 2,152 | 57% | $3,750 | ||
Rank 20; likely between #13 and #34 of 152Diabetes & MetabolismElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.80Q1 | 5.20 0.42 up from 2024 | 180 | 35% | $4,490 | ||
Rank 21; likely between #12 and #38 of 152Journal of EndocrinologyBioscientifica · United Kingdom | 1.79Q1 | 5.53 1.83 up from 2024 | 202 | 32% | — | ||
Rank 22; likely between #15 and #29 of 152Diabetes Technology & TherapeuticsMary Ann Liebert, Inc. · United States | 1.78Q1 | 6.92 0.78 up from 2024 | 413 | 48% | — | ||
Rank 23; likely between #18 and #26 of 152Frontiers in EndocrinologyOAFrontiers Media · Switzerland | 1.77Q1 | 6.02 0.74 up from 2024 | 8,698 | 100% | $3,801 | ||
Rank 24; likely between #12 and #40 of 152La Presse MédicaleElsevier BV · France | 1.74Q1 | 5.00 1.60 up from 2024 | 106 | 37% | $2,320 | ||
Rank 25; likely between #16 and #31 of 152BMJ Open Diabetes Research & CareOABMJ · United Kingdom | 1.74Q1 | 4.98 0.20 up from 2024 | 361 | 100% | $3,000 | ||
Rank 26; likely between #15 and #36 of 152World Journal of DiabetesOAHong Kong SAR China | 1.70Q1 | 4.43 1.02 down from 2024 | 477 | 100% | — | ||
Rank 27; likely between #17 and #33 of 152ThyroidMary Ann Liebert, Inc. · United States | 1.68Q1 | 5.83 0.14 down from 2024 | 472 | 34% | — | ||
Rank 28; likely between #13 and #52 of 152touchREVIEWS in EndocrinologyOATouch Medical Media · United Kingdom | 1.62Q1 | 5.41 1.34 up from 2024 | 78 | 100% | — | ||
Rank 29; likely between #13 and #49 of 152European Thyroid JournalOAKarger Publishers · Switzerland | 1.61Q1 | 5.09 0.31 up from 2024 | 215 | 100% | — | ||
Rank 30; likely between #18 and #46 of 152Journal of DiabetesOAWiley · Australia | 1.53Q1 | 5.05 1.60 up from 2024 | 349 | 100% | $3,000 | Rising vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 31; likely between #25 and #37 of 152Diabetology & Metabolic SyndromeOABioMed Central · United Kingdom | 1.51Q1 | 5.28 0.68 up from 2024 | 749 | 100% | $2,890 | ||
Rank 32; likely between #25 and #46 of 152Endocrinology and MetabolismOAAcademya Publishing Co. · South Korea | 1.45Q1 | 4.61 0.40 up from 2024 | 301 | 100% | — | ||
Rank 33; likely between #28 and #43 of 152MaturitasElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.42Q1 | 4.46 0.54 up from 2024 | 440 | 20% | $4,390 | ||
Rank 34; likely between #25 and #52 of 152JMIR DiabetesOACanada | 1.41Q1 | 3.55 0.08 down from 2024 | 118 | 100% | $1,873 | ||
Rank 35; likely between #22 and #58 of 152ClimactericTaylor & Francis · United Kingdom | 1.40Q1 | 4.09 0.74 up from 2024 | 216 | 44% | — | ||
Rank 36; likely between #19 and #62 of 152Endocrine PracticeElsevier BV · United States | 1.38Q1 | 4.07 0.69 down from 2024 | 489 | 24% | $3,480 | ||
Rank 37; likely between #20 and #70 of 152Journal of Clinical & Translational EndocrinologyOAElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.36Q1 | 4.57 2.15 up from 2024 | 84 | 100% | $3,500 | ||
Rank 38; likely between #30 and #47 of 152Diabetes Research and Clinical PracticeElsevier BV · Netherlands | 1.36Q1 | 4.06 0.43 up from 2024 | 1,190 | 53% | $4,410 | ||
Rank 39; likely between #27 and #59 of 152Endocrine Related CancerBioscientifica · United Kingdom | 1.32Q2 | 3.77 1.07 down from 2024 | 220 | 42% | — | ||
Rank 40; likely between #32 and #49 of 152Journal of Endocrinological InvestigationSpringer Science+Business Media · Italy | 1.32Q2 | 4.24 0.51 up from 2024 | 767 | 40% | $4,790 | Falling vs field, 2022–25 | |
Rank 41; likely between #29 and #55 of 152BMC Endocrine DisordersOABioMed Central · United Kingdom | 1.31Q2 | 4.13 0.07 up from 2024 | 882 | 100% | $3,190 | ||
Rank 42; likely between #23 and #75 of 152Clinical Diabetes and EndocrinologyOABioMed Central · United Kingdom | 1.28Q2 | 3.98 1.32 up from 2024 | 69 | — | $2,290 | ||
Rank 43; likely between #33 and #55 of 152Journal of Diabetes Science and TechnologySAGE Publishing · United States | 1.28Q2 | 3.88 0.64 up from 2024 | 482 | 98% | $3,900 | ||
Rank 44; likely between #35 and #56 of 152Journal of Diabetes ResearchOAHindawi Publishing Corporation · United Kingdom | 1.27Q2 | 3.84 0.10 down from 2024 | 347 | 100% | $2,760 | ||
Rank 45; likely between #32 and #64 of 152Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and ObesityLippincott Williams & Wilkins · United Kingdom | 1.26Q2 | 3.72 0.67 up from 2024 | 149 | 9% | — | ||
Rank 46; likely between #38 and #61 of 152Diabetes TherapyOAAdis, Springer Healthcare · United Kingdom | 1.20Q2 | 4.65 1.68 up from 2024 | 443 | 100% | $7,400 | ||
Rank 47; likely between #40 and #58 of 152Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and ObesityOADove Medical Press · New Zealand | 1.19Q2 | 3.62 0.42 up from 2024 | 1,132 | 100% | $2,836 | ||
Rank 48; likely between #38 and #62 of 152Journal of the Endocrine SocietyOAEndocrine Society · United States | 1.19Q2 | 3.60 0.45 up from 2024 | 573 | 100% | $3,255 | ||
Rank 49; likely between #42 and #60 of 152Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular DiseasesElsevier BV · Italy | 1.18Q2 | 3.85 0.30 up from 2024 | 897 | 39% | $3,000 | ||
Rank 50; likely between #32 and #75 of 152Frontiers in Clinical Diabetes and HealthcareOAFrontiers Media · Switzerland | 1.15Q2 | 3.89 1.20 up from 2024 | 182 | 100% | $2,353 |
11 Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism journals are labelled rising: their OJR moved up between 2022 and 2025 clearly faster than the median journal of their field or domain.
A journal is rising when its OJR grew from 2022 to 2025 faster than the median journal of its field (or domain, when the field is small), by two tests: the relative change is +10% or more, and it is at least 2 standard errors above zero. So the range of the change at 2 standard errors stays above zero, though not necessarily above +10%.
The bar is that range on a ratio scale; the shaded band, -9.1% to +10%, holds changes too small for a label. The list is ordered by the low end of the range, so the surest rises come first.
- 1Endocrine PathologySpringer Science+Business Media · United States+226% vs groupOJR 1.30 → 3.98range +66% to +539%
- 2Cardiovascular DiabetologyOABioMed Central · United Kingdom+61% vs groupOJR 2.92 → 4.39range +40% to +84%
- 3Diabetes & Metabolism JournalOAKorean Diabetes Association · South Korea+71% vs groupOJR 1.58 → 2.53range +27% to +131%
- 4Pediatric DiabetesWiley · Denmark+72% vs groupOJR 1.18 → 1.89range +26% to +136%
- 5Lipids in Health and DiseaseOABioMed Central · United Kingdom+40% vs groupOJR 1.61 → 2.11range +21% to +62%
- 6Journal of DiabetesOAWiley · Australia+61% vs groupOJR 1.02 → 1.53range +20% to +115%
- 7Journal of Pharmacy TechnologySAGE Publishing · United States+93% vs groupOJR 0.40 → 0.72range +17% to +217%
- 8Chronic IllnessSAGE Publishing · United Kingdom+53% vs groupOJR 0.54 → 0.78range +6.4% to +121%
- 9Endocrinology Diabetes & MetabolismOABioscientifica · United Kingdom+36% vs groupOJR 0.89 → 1.13range +5.7% to +75%
- 10Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical InvestigationDe Gruyter · Germany+42% vs groupOJR 0.42 → 0.56range +3.9% to +93%
- 11DiabetologiaSpringer Science+Business Media · Germany+19% vs groupOJR 3.16 → 3.52range +0.2% to +41%
No-label zone, -9.1% to +10%Group median changeBar scale -86% to +601% (ratio scale)
13 Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism journals are labelled falling: their OJR moved between 2022 and 2025 clearly behind the median journal of their field or domain.
A journal is falling when its OJR changed from 2022 to 2025 by less than the median journal of its field (or domain, when the field is small), by two tests: the relative change is -9.1% or less (rounded), and it is at least 2 standard errors below zero. So the range of the change at 2 standard errors stays below zero, though not necessarily below -9.1%.
The bar is that range on a ratio scale; the shaded band, -9.1% to +10%, holds changes too small for a label. The list is ordered by the high end of the range, so the surest falls come first.
- 1Endocrinología Diabetes y NutriciónElsevier BV · Spain-54% vs groupOJR 0.38 → 0.16range -69% to -30%
- 2Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & ReviewsElsevier BV · Netherlands-47% vs groupOJR 2.30 → 1.13range -61% to -30%
- 3Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and MetabolismDe Gruyter · Germany-35% vs groupOJR 0.58 → 0.35range -45% to -23%
- 4AACE Clinical Case ReportsOAElsevier BV · United States-36% vs groupOJR 0.46 → 0.28range -54% to -11%
- 5HORMONESSpringer Science+Business Media · Greece-34% vs groupOJR 1.14 → 0.70range -51% to -11%
- 6PituitarySpringer Science+Business Media · Netherlands-26% vs groupOJR 1.42 → 0.99range -43% to -4.4%
- 7Clinical EndocrinologyWiley · United Kingdom-18% vs groupOJR 1.15 → 0.88range -30% to -4.2%
- 8EndocrinologyOxford University Press · United States-18% vs groupOJR 1.48 → 1.14range -30% to -4.0%
- 9Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic DisordersSpringer Nature · United Kingdom-27% vs groupOJR 0.98 → 0.67range -45% to -3.9%
- 10Journal of Endocrinological InvestigationSpringer Science+Business Media · Italy-17% vs groupOJR 1.71 → 1.32range -30% to -2.5%
- 11Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Case ReportsOAWiley · United Kingdom-25% vs groupOJR 0.50 → 0.35range -42% to -2.3%
- 12International Journal of EndocrinologyOAHindawi Publishing Corporation · United Kingdom-18% vs groupOJR 1.08 → 0.83range -31% to -1.6%
- 13Primary care diabetesElsevier BV · United Kingdom-23% vs groupOJR 1.06 → 0.76range -40% to -0.6%
No-label zone, -9.1% to +10%Group median changeBar scale -71% to +244% (ratio scale)
Subfields of Medicine, with Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism highlighted.
- Surgery945
- Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine352
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health311
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine287
- Infectious Diseases258
- Oncology242
- Epidemiology178
- Neurology168
- Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging160
- Physiology154
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism152
- Psychiatry and Mental health139
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine121
- Ophthalmology96
- Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health95
- Dermatology89
- Obstetrics and Gynecology81
- Hematology78
- Rheumatology70
- Nephrology62
- Complementary and alternative medicine58
- Reproductive Medicine53
- Pharmacology49
- Emergency Medicine44
- Geriatrics and Gerontology38
- Otorhinolaryngology32
- Rehabilitation31
- Pathology and Forensic Medicine29
- Hepatology28
- Immunology and Allergy25
- Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine24
- Genetics19
- Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine14
- Urology13
- Health Informatics10
- Gastroenterology6
- Internal Medicine6
- Family Practice2
- Transplantation2
- Anatomy0
- Biochemistry0
- Microbiology0
Journals
The endpoints below each rank show its likely range. How rank ranges are calculated
Citations made in 2025. Corpus-wide, 84.3% of core-journal articles and reviews published that year have at least one matched reference; the share varies by journal and field.
39 additional Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism journals with metrics are unranked under this release’s eligibility rules: a journal needs at least 30 citable documents in 2022–2024, at least 80% of them with a subfield, and a positive world-average expectation. Ranks are within the whole category; filters hide rows without re-ranking. OJR excludes self-citations.
At a glance
Indicator year: 2025. Publication window: 2022–2024. How these summaries are calculated
- Ranked journals
- 152
- Window papers (baseline)
- 87,039 +9.1% from indicator year 2022
- Median OJR
- 0.870 -2.3% from indicator year 2022
- Rising journals (2025)
- 11
Window papers are the baseline paper population: citable papers (articles, reviews and conference papers) from 2022–2024 in all journals of the world-average baseline, including non-core journals, counted by each paper’s own subfield. They are not the papers of the ranked journals alone.
| Measure | Year series | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ranked journals | 48 | 51 | 57 | 60 | 65 | 70 | 78 | 84 | 89 | 95 | 101 | 111 | 124 | 132 | 136 | 141 | 151 | 156 | 162 | 168 | 161 | 163 | 159 | 159 | 157 | 152 | |
| Window papers (baseline) | 21,857 | 24,171 | 25,806 | 27,521 | 27,880 | 30,069 | 32,732 | 36,738 | 40,740 | 46,752 | 50,540 | 53,888 | 54,290 | 56,103 | 58,424 | 61,715 | 64,393 | 66,581 | 68,391 | 70,385 | 72,729 | 75,894 | 79,750 | 82,000 | 83,560 | 87,039 | |
| Median OJR | 0.50 | 0.65 | 0.69 | 0.77 | 0.71 | 0.81 | 0.84 | 0.94 | 0.91 | 0.93 | 1.01 | 0.959 | 0.98 | 0.868 | 0.97 | 0.957 | 0.951 | 0.893 | 0.950 | 0.86 | 0.954 | 0.8896 | 0.8903 | 0.9170 | 0.9165 | 0.870 |
How to read these rankings
- OJR, the OpenJournalRank Indicator
- A field-normalized 3-year citation impact, computed from OpenAlex with the NCI3 method. It divides the citations a journal’s papers received by the world average for papers of the same subfield, year and type, so 1.00 is the world average and 2.00 means twice as many citations as expected. Because it is normalized, it can be compared across fields. Read the methodology
- Quartiles
- Q1 to Q4 split the ranked journals of the list you are viewing into four equal groups by OJR. A journal’s quartile depends on the list: the same journal can be Q1 in its subfield and Q2 among all journals.
- Impact factor (2-year)
- Citations per paper over a two-year window, counted from OpenAlex. It is easy to compare with familiar impact factors but is not field-normalized, so compare it only within a field. It is not Clarivate’s Journal Impact Factor. Why it differs from the Journal Impact Factor
- Rank ranges
- Each rank in the latest year carries a likely range from 1,000 resamples of the journal’s papers. Where two journals’ ranges overlap, the data cannot tell them apart, so treat neighbouring ranks as ties.